Chronic conjunctivitis (nontrachomatous) is a condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin and transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. Unlike trachomatous conjunctivitis, which is caused by a specific bacterial infection, chronic nontrachomatous conjunctivitis has various causes and can be of allergic, irritant, infectious, or other origins.
The causes of chronic conjunctivitis (nontrachomatous) include:
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common cause of chronic conjunctivitis. It occurs when the immune system reacts to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain medications, triggering an inflammatory response in the conjunctiva.
Exposure to irritants like smoke, chemical fumes, air pollution, or chlorine in swimming pools can lead to chronic conjunctivitis. These irritants can cause inflammation and redness of the conjunctiva, resulting in long-lasting symptoms.
Chronic conjunctivitis can be caused by persistent bacterial or viral infections. Bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae, while viral conjunctivitis can be caused by adenoviruses or herpes simplex viruses.
Chronic conjunctivitis may develop in individuals with underlying dry eye syndrome, a condition characterized by insufficient tear production or poor tear quality. The lack of adequate lubrication can lead to chronic irritation and inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Extended use of contact lenses, improper lens care, or wearing contact lenses that do not fit properly can increase the risk of chronic conjunctivitis. The presence of foreign bodies on the eye's surface or bacterial colonization on contact lenses can trigger inflammation and ongoing conjunctivitis.
What are the Symptoms of Chronic Conjunctivitis?
The symptoms of chronic conjunctivitis (nontrachomatous) may include
- Persistent redness of the eyes.
- Watery or sticky discharge from the eyes.
- Itching or burning sensation in the eyes.
- Blurred vision.
- Sensitivity to light.
How is Chronic Conjunctivitis Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of chronic conjunctivitis (nontrachomatous) involves several steps:
Medical history and eye examination
The ophthalmologist will review the patient's medical history, inquire about symptoms, and perform a thorough eye examination to evaluate the conjunctiva and other eye structures.
Evaluation of symptoms and their duration
The duration and pattern of symptoms are important for distinguishing chronic conjunctivitis from acute forms. Recurrent or persistent symptoms over an extended period are indicative of chronic conjunctivitis.
Laboratory testing
In some cases, the ophthalmologist may collect samples from the eye, such as conjunctival swabs, for laboratory testing. This can help identify the presence of infectious agents and guide appropriate treatment.
Culture and sensitivity testing
If bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected, a culture and sensitivity test may be conducted to determine the specific bacteria causing the infection and to identify the most effective antibiotic treatment.
Additional tests
In certain situations, additional tests may be performed to rule out other underlying conditions or to assess the overall health of the eye. These tests may include tear film evaluation, measurement of tear production, or examination of the cornea and other ocular structures.
| Description | Percentage |
|---|---|
|
Active: Evaluate under the General Rating Formula for Diseases of the Eye, minimum rating |
10 |
Inactive: Evaluate based on residuals, such as visual impairment and disfigurement (diagnostic code 7800).
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