Benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa (excluding skin)

Benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa (excluding skin) 

Benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa refer to non-cancerous tumors that develop in the structures of the eye, the surrounding orbit (eye socket), and its adnexa (related tissues and structures). Unlike malignant neoplasms, benign tumors do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

Causes 

The causes of benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa include:

Genetic factors

Certain genetic mutations or inherited conditions can increase the risk of developing benign tumors in the eye and its surrounding structures.

Environmental factors

Exposure to certain substances or radiation may contribute to the development of benign neoplasms in the eye and orbit.

Age

The risk of developing benign tumors in the eye and orbit may increase with age.

Hormonal imbalances

Fluctuations in hormone levels may play a role in the development of certain benign tumors in the eye and its adnexa.

Symptoms 

Signs and symptoms of benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa:

• Changes in vision, such as blurred or decreased vision.
• Eye pain or discomfort.
• Redness or swelling of the eye or surrounding tissues.
• Bulging or protrusion of the eye.
• Eyelid abnormalities, including drooping or a lump or mass.
• Excessive tearing or dryness of the eyes.
• Changes in the appearance of the eye or eyelids.
• Visual disturbances, such as flashes of light or floating spots.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of benign neoplasms of the eye, orbit, and adnexa:

Comprehensive eye examination

This includes visual acuity testing, assessment of eye structures, and evaluation of the optic nerve.

Imaging tests

Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound may be used to visualize the eye, orbit, and surrounding tissues, and detect the presence, size, and characteristics of the benign tumor.

Biopsy

In some cases, a tissue sample may be obtained from the suspected tumor for pathological analysis to confirm the benign nature of the tumor.

Consultation with a specialist

Referral to an ophthalmologist or an ocular oncologist may be necessary for further evaluation, management, and treatment planning.