Angioneurotic edema:

Angioneurotic edema: 

Angioneurotic edema, also known as hereditary angioedema, is a rare genetic disorder that causes episodes of swelling in various parts of the body. These episodes can affect the skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. The swelling can be severe and life-threatening, particularly if it involves the throat and can lead to difficulty breathing. Angioneurotic edema is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of a protein called C1 inhibitor, which normally helps to regulate inflammation and fluid balance in the body.

Causes 

Angioneurotic edema is typically caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor, which can be inherited or acquired later in life. Inherited angioneurotic edema is caused by a mutation in the C1 inhibitor gene, while acquired angioneurotic edema can be caused by certain medications, autoimmune disorders, or other underlying medical conditions. Some common triggers for angioneurotic edema episodes include:

• Stress or anxiety.
• Injury or trauma.
• Infection.
• Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during menstruation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of angioneurotic edema can vary depending on the location and severity of the swelling, but may include:

• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Swelling of the hands, feet, or genitals.
• Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting.
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
• Skin rash or hives.

Diagnosis

Angioneurotic edema typically involves a physical exam and medical history, as well as ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms. The doctor may also perform tests to evaluate the levels and function of C1 inhibitor in the blood, including:

• C1 inhibitor blood test: This test measures the level of C1 inhibitor in the blood.
• C4 complement blood test: This test measures the level of C4 complement, which is typically low in people with angioneurotic edema.
• Skin prick test: This test may be used to rule out allergies as a cause of the symptoms.
• Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests may be used to evaluate the extent of the swelling and its effect on surrounding structures.